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Sagittaria latifolia

Willd. (1805)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Alismatales Family: Alismataceae Genus: Sagittaria

arrowhead, broadleaf arrowhead, swamp potato

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Aquatic perennial herbs 2–15(–20) dm tall.

Stems: Arising from stout, tuberous rhizomes.

Roots: Fibrous root system.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, crowded into a basal rosette. Blades erect, submerged ones, if present, linear and ribbon-like, emersed ones with blades sagittate, lateral lobes as long as terminal one, linear or ovate–deltate, 2–20 cm long, 0.5–12 cm wide, terminal lobe deltate to ovate–deltate or linear, 3–25 cm long, 0.7–35 cm wide. Apex acuminate to subobtuse. Margins cleft at leaf base in emergent leaves but otherwise entire. Primary veins parallel from base of blade to apex, secondary veins reticulate. Petioles 20–70 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in scapes few, 15–70(–90) cm long, shorter than or slightly longer than leaves each with 2–7 verticils of flowers. Flowers unisexual (and the plants monoecious or dioecious), lower flowers pistillate, upper ones staminate, and usually with some bisexual (perfect) flowers in the middle, or rarely all flowers bisexual (perfect). Pedicels 0.5–6 cm long, bracts 2–3 per flower, papery, lanceolate to deltate, 0.5–1(–1.5) cm long, usually gibbous. Calyx of 3 sepals, ovate, 5–10 mm long. Corolla of 3 petals, white, very broadly elliptic, 1–2 cm long, abruptly narrowed into a claw. Stamens numerous; anthers 2-loculed, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary superior, carpels numerous, spirally arranged in a crowded head on a large globose receptacle; ovules 1-2, restricted to base of pistil, anatropous or amphitropous; style terminal or basilateral; stigma often decurrent.

Fruit: Achenes 2.5–4 mm long; dorsal margin winged; beak stout; extending at a right angle from the body; 0.5–1.5 mm long. Seeds without endosperm; embryo U-shaped.

Ploidy: 2n = 22

Habitat: Naturalized in low elevation wetlands; slow streams; and taro paddies.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (50)

Sagitta latifolia (Willd.) Nieuwl. (1913)
Sagittaria engelmanniana subsp. longirostra (Micheli) Bogin (1955)
Sagittaria esculenta Howell (1903)
Sagittaria gigantea Riddell (1853)
Sagittaria gracilis Pursh (1813)
Sagittaria hastata Pursh (1813)
Sagittaria hastata var. gracilis (Pursh) Nutt. (1818)
Sagittaria latifolia f. diversifolia B.L.Rob. (1908)
Sagittaria latifolia f. gracilis B.L.Rob. (1908)
Sagittaria latifolia f. hastata B.L.Rob. (1908)
Sagittaria latifolia var. glabra Buchenau (1903)
Sagittaria latifolia var. major Pursh (1813)
Sagittaria latifolia var. obtusa (Engelm.) Wiegand (1925)
Sagittaria latifolia var. pubescens (Torr.) J.G.Sm. (1894)
Sagittaria longirostra (Micheli) J.G.Sm. (1894)
Sagittaria obtusa Muhl. ex Willd. (1805)
Sagittaria ornithorhyncha Small (1933)
Sagittaria planipes Fernald (1947)
Sagittaria pubescens Muhl. (1813)
Sagittaria sagittifolia f. angustifolia (Engelm.) Britton (1890)
Sagittaria sagittifolia f. gracilis (Pursh) Britton (1890)
Sagittaria sagittifolia f. hastata (Pursh) Britton (1890)
Sagittaria sagittifolia f. latifolia (Willd.) Britton (1890)
Sagittaria sagittifolia f. obtusa (Engelm.) Britton (1890)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. angustifolia Hook. (1838)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. gracilis (Pursh) Torr. (1826)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. hastata (Pursh) Torr. (1826)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. latifolia (Willd.) Muhl. (1813)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. longirostra Micheli (1881)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. macrophylla Hook. (1838)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. pubescens Torr. (1826)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. variabilis (Engelm.) Micheli (1881)
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. vulgaris Hook. (1838)
Sagittaria sagittifolius (Misapplied)
Sagittaria simplex Pursh (1813)
Sagittaria variabilis Engelm. (1848)
Sagittaria variabilis f. angustifolia E.L.Rand & Redfield (1894)
Sagittaria variabilis f. hastata E.L.Rand & Redfield (1894)
Sagittaria variabilis f. obtusa E.L.Rand & Redfield (1894)
Sagittaria variabilis var. angustifolia Engelm. (1856)
Sagittaria variabilis var. diversifolia Engelm. (1856)
Sagittaria variabilis var. echinocephala Engelm. ex J.G.Sm. (1894)
Sagittaria variabilis var. gracilis (Pursh) Engelm. (1856)
Sagittaria variabilis var. hastata (Pursh) Engelm. (1867)
Sagittaria variabilis var. latifolia (Willd.) Engelm. (1856)
Sagittaria variabilis var. obtusa Engelm. (1856)
Sagittaria variabilis var. pubescens (Torr.) Engelm. (1867)
Sagittaria variabilis var. sagittifolia Engelm. (1856)
Sagittaria viscosa C.Mohr (1897)
Urospatha friedrichsthalii Schott (1853)

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 4: 409 (1805)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1355 (K, O, M); Imada et al. 2000:9 (H); Staples & Herbst 2005:591 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Sagittaria latifolia Wast Maui, Kipahulu, in fallow taro patch at Living Farm, Oheo. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 2370 Maui BISH 2016-08-24
2 Sagittaria latifolia Kailua; Kawainui Swamp At edge of canals; uncommon. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10518 Oahu BISH 1930-05-04
3 Sagittaria latifolia Honolulu: Kalihi taro patches Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2533 Oahu BISH 1919-03-03
4 Sagittaria latifolia Heeia Wetland, Kaneohe, Oahu Growing in 3-5 inches of water, along with Ludwigia octovalvis, Brachiaria mutica, Commelina diffusa, Cyclosorus interruptus. Preserved_Specimen Plants ca 2-3 feet tall, flowers with 3 white petals. Crago, L.M. 2005054 Oahu BISH 2005-02-11
5 Sagittaria latifolia Waikane In swampy abandoned taro patch. Preserved_Specimen Petals white; + fr. St.John, H. 20313 Oahu BISH 1942-08-01
6 Sagittaria latifolia Kailua Preserved_Specimen HSPA Employee Oahu BISH 1933-09-02
7 Sagittaria latifolia Waipio, near Farrington Hwy slow moving, slightly salty stream Preserved_Specimen Yamaguchi, R. Oahu BISH 1942-11-03
8 Sagittaria latifolia Hamakua District, Waipio Valley, taro farm ca. 2 miles into the valley In wetland taro paddy with Eleocharis radicans, Echinochloa crusgalli. Preserved_Specimen Weedy 1.5 ft. tall herb. Imada, C. 9928 Hawaii BISH 1999-06-19
9 Sagittaria latifolia Waikane In swampy abandoned taro patch. Preserved_Specimen Petals white; + fr. St.John, H. 20313 Oahu BISH 1942-08-01
10 Sagittaria latifolia Waimea Arboretum In partial shade. Plants with bases submerged. Preserved_Specimen Petals white. Lau, J. 2803 Oahu BISH 1986-09-09
11 Sagittaria latifolia University of Hawaii Manoa Campus; courtyard of Krause Hall In a lily pool among a dense mat of floating plants. Preserved_Specimen Stunted plants rooted in substrate, foliage yellowish green; small corms forming among roots; flws not seen. Herbst, D.R. 9591 Oahu BISH 1992-04-04
12 Sagittaria latifolia Kailua; Kawainui Marsh At edge of canals. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10518 Oahu BISH 1930-05-04
13 Sagittaria latifolia Waipahu Cultural Gardens; 94-695 Waipahu St Growing in a flooded paddy field in full sun. Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 2113 Oahu BISH 1986-03-10
14 Sagittaria latifolia Waimea Arboretum In partial shade. Plants with bases submerged. Preserved_Specimen Petals white. Lau, J. 2803 Oahu BISH 1986-09-09
15 Sagittaria latifolia Waikane In swampy abandoned taro patch. Preserved_Specimen Petals white; + fr. St.John, H. 20313 Oahu BISH 1942-08-01
16 Sagittaria latifolia Hii Mountains Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 629 Kauai BISH 1916-10-20
17 Sagittaria latifolia Honolulu: Kalihi Street, near Bishop Museum In water by road. Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1930-10-09
18 Sagittaria latifolia Honolulu: Manoa Valley; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus; courtyard of Krause Hall, growing in the lily pool Aquatic plant, growing among a dense mat of floating plants in lily pool. Preserved_Specimen Stunted plants growing rooted in substrate, foliage yellowish green; small corms forming among roots; flowers not seen. Herbst, D.R. 9591 Oahu BISH 1992-04-04
19 Sagittaria latifolia Honolulu: Kalihi Street, near Bishop Museum In water by road. Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1930-10-09
20 Sagittaria latifolia Honolulu: Kalihi taro patches Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2533 Oahu BISH 1919-03-03
21 Sagittaria latifolia Next to road between the wet cave and Haena Beach Found occassionally along the edge of marshy area next to road. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1978-06-16
22 Sagittaria latifolia Waipio, near Farrington Hwy slow moving, slightly salty stream Preserved_Specimen Yamaguchi, R. Oahu BISH 1941-02-24
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